c++ - Why does printing a string array output hexadecimal? -

why following program print "0x2ffee4" console?

#include <string> #include <iostream>  using namespace std;  int main() {     string city1[] = "toronto";     cout << city1;     return 0; } 

the answer given t.c. correct, mention if expecting print out "toronto" console using cout want this:

include <string> include <iostream>  int main() {     using namespace std;      // string city1[] = "toronto"; // compiler error - next line instead     string city1[] = { "toronto" };     cout << city1[0];      return 0; } 

any time want initialize array of type during declaration need use = { }; set each array's element separated commas. @ code sample:

#include <string> #include <iostream>  int main() {     using namespace std;      string cities[] = { "new york", "philadelphia", "chicago", "boston" };      // same above except size of array defined first elements     string cities[4];     cities[0] = "new york";     cities[1] = "philadelphia";     cities[2] = "chicago";     cities[3] = "boston";      unsigned index = 0;     ( ; index < 4; index++ ) {         cout << cities[index] << endl;     }      return 0; } 

if not initializing array when declaring must specify array's size.

int main() {     int iarray[]; // compiler error     int iarray[] = { 4, 3, 2, 1, 6 }; // okay , same      int iarray[5];  // okay     iarray[0] = 4;     iarray[1] = 3;     iarray[2] = 2;     iarray[3] = 1;     iarray[4] = 6;      return 0; 

}

if not using bracket operator index value send console output stream std::cout hex value getting correct t.c had stated; returning address of first index. why in c / c++ arrays , pointers similar (they not same, behave 1 another). main difference arrays constant in size, size has known @ compile time, , can not dynamically changed in size without having store contents temp variable while creating new array larger size copying data new array , cleaning old array. pointers not behave way, pointers can dynamically allocated on heap using new, must deleted when variable has no more use prevent memory leaks, if pointer delete before hand , tries access memory address no longer valid , doesn't belong caller, these seen unhandled exceptions, heap corruption, etc. , crash program. same goes arrays when try index them past bounds.

#include <iostream>  int main() {     // arrays 0 indexed     int iarray[3] = { 1, 2, 3 };      // if try access last element     std::cout << iarray[3] << std::endl; // program crash      // since arrays 0 indexed , size of array 3     // 3rd value indexed @ 2, , trying index location of array     // @ 3, memory doesn't belong you, , undefined behavior.     // memory contain nothing, random data, or data belongs      // else if changed can cause system failure                return 0; }